Detect, react, deter – this shared objective unites Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland in their efforts to safeguard critical infrastructure in the Baltic Sea region.
To formalize their cooperation, political representatives from all four countries have signed a memorandum outlining joint preventive measures, coordinated responses to incidents, and strategies to deter potential threats. To this end, the signatories plan to develop mechanisms for the rapid exchange of information, conduct joint exercises, and coordinate crisis management efforts.
Protection on land and at sea
The agreement also establishes a multinational, cross-institutional working group focused on enhancing the protection and resilience of energy infrastructure, with particular attention to underwater assets.
The group’s activities will concentrate on coordinated actions both onshore and offshore, aimed at defending the region against physical, cyber, and hybrid threats.
“The energy security of the Baltic Sea region depends on close international cooperation – especially following the synchronization of the Baltic States with the European electricity system. By protecting our infrastructure together and strengthening its resilience, we increase our collective security,” said Paulina Hennig-Kloska, Poland’s Minister for Climate and Environment.
Grid synchronization with Europe
On 9 February 2025, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania completed the synchronization of their electricity grids with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) via Poland. This marked the final step in their long-standing effort to integrate with the EU energy market and end reliance on the Russian power system.
The joint initiative, supported by the European Commission, is built around four pillars: prevention, detection, response, and deterrence. It is also a direct response to recent incidents such as damage to the EstLink 2 power cable and the Balticconnector gas pipeline.
In parallel, the region’s transmission system operators signed a technical cooperation agreement, while national governments renewed the BEMIP (Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan) memorandum—reaffirming their commitment to deeper integration and increased investment in critical infrastructure.
